The old findGenericCalls second-pass only looked in non-generic functions
and generated unresolved instances like Array_Get_T when generic funcs
called other generic funcs. Removed it entirely.
lowerExpr for ekCall now invokes generateMethodInstance directly for
both explicit (ekGenericCall) and inferred generic calls. This ensures
concrete instantiations are generated on-demand with correct typeSubst.
Also added guard in resolveTypeExpr/substituteType to skip emitting C
struct definitions for unresolved type parameters (e.g. Array<T> inside
a generic function body before monomorphization).
feat(std): add Std::Iter module
- Array_Iter, Iter_Next, Iter_HasNext, Iter_Peek, Iter_Reset
- Iter_Pos, Iter_Len, Iter_Count, Iter_Skip, Iter_Take
docs: document Std::Iter in Stdlib.md
examples: add iter.bux example
tests: add _test_array regression test
- Fix sema.nim: use objType.name instead of obj.name for algebraic enum
tag/data field types (was generating _Tag instead of EnumName_Tag)
- Fix c_backend.nim: emit enum definitions before struct definitions
to allow structs to reference algebraic enum types
- Add bux_mutex_* and bux_rwlock_* C runtime functions
- Add library/std/Sync.bux with Mutex and RwLock wrappers
- Add examples/sync.bux — threaded counter with Mutex
- Update docs/Stdlib.md with Sync section and example
- Update README.md feature table
- Initialize result to 0 in Channel_RecvInt/RecvFloat64 to handle closed channel
- Add producer/consumer channel example in examples/channel.bux
- Update README.md with Channels syntax preview
- Add isOwn field to Symbol for tracking own T declarations
- Reinitialization after move: assigning to a moved variable removes it from movedVars
- Move tracking in let/var initialization: var b: own Box = a moves a
- Move tracking in assignment: x = y moves y if y is own T
- Move tracking in return: return x moves x if x is own T
- Expand borrow_test.nim to 10 tests (all passing)
- C runtime (OpenSSL): bux_sha256, bux_hmac_sha256, bux_random_bytes,
bux_base64_encode, bux_base64_decode, bux_bytes_to_hex
- library/std/Crypto.bux: Crypto_Sha256, Crypto_HmacSha256,
Crypto_HmacSha256Raw, Crypto_RandomBytes, Crypto_Base64Encode,
Crypto_Base64Decode
- examples/jwt.bux: full JWT creation with HS256 signature
- Link with -lcrypto in C backend
- Lexer (Nim + Bux): resolve escape sequences (\n, \t, \r, etc) instead of
keeping raw source text in token. This was the root cause of \n being
double-escaped to \\n in generated C code.
- Manifest parser (src_bux/manifest.bux): use bux_strlen instead of broken
String_SplitCount(s, "") hack for string length; fix quote stripping.
- CLI (src_bux/cli.bux): --version/--help now recognized alongside version/help.
- Remove ~30+ debug Print statements from cli, parser, lexer, sema, main.
- Clean up unneeded Print/PrintInt extern declarations.
- _selfhost/src/: synced from src_bux/.
- Fix segfault from uninitialized Symbol structs in scope/hir_lower/sema
- Fix null ReadFile crash in Cli_MergeFileInto (missing stdlib files)
- Extend function params from 6 to 9 (bux_str_format needs 9 args)
- Add ExprList/HirArgList linked lists for >2 call arguments
- Add banner image to README
- Update docs: C backend is now primary (not QBE)
Major changes:
- Cli_BuildProject now uses CBackend_Generate instead of QBE SSA generation
- Replaced QBE invocation (vendor/qbe/qbe) with direct cc compilation
- Cli_Build (single-file) now compiles C output with cc including runtime.c/io.c
- Added import-based stdlib merging: only imported Std::* modules are merged,
eliminating unused generic code from Array/Map/Set/Channel in simple programs
C backend fixes:
- Fixed struct typedef redefinition: struct definitions now use 'struct Name {}'
instead of 'typedef struct {} Name' to avoid conflicting with forward typedefs
- Added enum support: HirEnum struct, enum emission in C backend, variant
constants emitted as #define Name_Value
- Added char8 typedef
- Skip generic structs/functions (T/K/V type parameters) in C emission
Sema fixes:
- Fixed Sema_IsNumeric: now correctly recognizes uint, float32, float64
- Fixed return type check: allow pointer compatibility (String <-> *T)
Tested: hello, fibonacci, factorial, enums examples build and run via buxc2
- Iterate function body statements and call Sema_CheckStmt on each
- Add Sema_CheckBlock helper for child scope creation in if/while/for/loop blocks
- Extend Sema_CheckStmt to handle all statement kinds: skIf, skWhile, skDoWhile,
skLoop, skFor, skMatch, skBreak, skContinue, skDecl, skReturn
- Extend Sema_CheckExpr with ekAssign, ekField, ekIndex, ekBlock, ekSelf
- Fix ekCall to resolve return type from function declaration
- Fix ekBinary to handle assignment operators (tkAssign, +=, -=, etc.)
- Add Sema_CollectGlobals handling for dkUse (imports), dkConst, dkEnum variants
- Add tkColonColon path parsing in parser (Color::Red)
- Add decl field to Symbol struct for function/type resolution
- Add Sema_ZeroInitSymbol helper to avoid garbage from uninitialized struct fields
- Fix concurrency.bux missing Task_Join import
All examples now pass buxc2 check. make selfhost succeeds.
- QBE_IsTerminator(hBlock) checks ALL children, not just last
- Removed legacy c_backend.bux and nim_backend.bux from _selfhost/src/
- QBE self-hosting QBE phase: PASSES (SSA valid, assembled to .s)
- Remaining: linker errors from missing String_Eq/StringBuilder in runtime
The self-hosted compiler crashed with SIGSEGV when processing files
that generated >=256 parser diagnostics (e.g. truncated source files).
The parser allocated a fixed-size diag buffer of 256 entries, but
parserExpect, parserExpectIdentOrKeyword, and parserEmitDiag wrote
into it without checking bounds. Once diagCount exceeded 256, writes
overflowed into adjacent heap objects (Decl structs), corrupting
their kind/childDecl2 fields and causing crashes during AST traversal.
This fix adds bounds checks to all three sites so excess diagnostics
are silently dropped rather than corrupting memory. The file size
threshold (7037 vs 7062 bytes) was a red herring — it determined
how many parser errors were generated before EOF.
Closes: selfhost segfault on 250+ line files
- Fix lexer unterminated char error test (was treating 'a as lifetime)
- Fix parser test sample.bux path for root-dir execution
- Add bux_system() to runtime.c and run command to selfhost CLI
- Switch bux_alloc from malloc to calloc for zero-init
- Fix module flattening in Cli_Check/Cli_Compile to scan full decl list
- Make test passes fully, selfhost builds successfully
- README.md: drop 'inspired by Rux' and 'improves on Rux' language
- PLAN.md: remove Rux from comparison table, milestones, and appendix
- PLAN.md: delete entire Appendix A (Rux Language Reference)
- docs/PHASE8_STRATEGY.md: rephrase without Rux
- docs/Packages.md: drop 'Compatible with Rux.toml spec'
- Parser_Parse: add beforePos safeguard to skip unrecognized tokens
instead of looping forever when parserParseDecl returns null
- Lexer: increase maxTokens 4096 -> 32768; add explicit break on limit
- CLI: null-check ReadFile result before String_Eq
- Nim CLI: add -O2 to cc invocation for faster self-hosted builds
- Fixed module flattening in self-hosted compiler (Cli_Compile now unwraps module wrappers)
- buxc2 check now finds functions in module-wrapped files (token.bux: funcCount=6, Main.bux: funcCount=2)
- Added debug prints to trace lexer.bux timeout and check x segfault
- Remaining issues: lexer.bux hangs in self-hosted pipeline, check x segfaults in runtime
- Added exprSpawnAsync flag to AST ekSpawn
- Sema checks if callee is async and sets the flag
- HIR hSpawn carries spawnAsync flag
- C backend uses bux_task_spawn for non-async (OS threads) and bux_async_spawn for async (coroutines)
- Added concurrency example to test suite
- T[] slices are now fat pointers {data: T*, len: size_t} in C backend
- Added hSliceIndex HIR node for slice indexing (distinct from hIndexPtr for raw pointers)
- Added exprIndexBoundsCheck flag to AST ekIndex
- Sema sets bounds-check flag in @[Checked] functions
- C backend emits Slice_<T> typedefs and compound literals for slice init
- bux_bounds_check() called automatically on slice indexing in @[Checked] funcs
- Unchecked functions allow raw access (C behavior) for performance
- Lexer tokenizes 'a as tkLifetime
- Parser accepts lifetimes in type params <'a> and reference types &'a T / &'a mut T
- AST TypeExpr has refLifetime field for tekRef/tekMutRef
- TypeParam gains isLifetime flag for generic monomorphization
- Sema infers lifetime params as no-op dummy values; unwraps pointee types for params inside refs
- HIR lower skips lifetime params when generating mangled names and substitution tables
- &mut expr syntax supported in parser (consumed as part of unary &)
Self-hosted compiler (buxc2):
- Add async/await/spawn tokens, parsing, HIR, lowering, C emission
- Fix pointer type emission (*T -> T*) in C backend
- Fix sizeof(Type) parsing with parentheses
- Fix import ::{...} infinite loop guard
- Fix int64 emission by avoiding else-if chain workaround
- Add debug-free cli and hir_lower
Bootstrap compiler (Nim):
- Fix critical else-if lowering bug in hir_lower.nim:
when both elseIfs and else block exist, elseIfs were dropped
causing all else-if chains to collapse to if+else only
Runtime:
- Fix bux_async_await memory corruption (don't free in run)
- Add bux_remove_from_ready for safe cleanup
- Fix forward declaration and deduplicate bux_now_ms
Docs & examples:
- Update async.bux example with proper int64 params
- Update README, LanguageRef, Stdlib, PLAN for async features
- Mark Phase 7.10 bootstrap loop as completed
All 27 examples pass. buxc2 check/build work on all examples.
- runtime: bux_async_return(value, size) copies result to task->result
- runtime: bux_async_await returns void* result pointer
- runtime: bux_async_result(handle) to retrieve result
- sema: ekAwait returns *void
- HIR: await lowered to bux_async_await returning *void
- Example: async Compute() -> int with interleaved execution and result await
Parser (src_bux/parser.bux):
- Increased struct field limit from 8 to 64
- Added field4-field7 slots in struct field assignment
- Safeguard: fields beyond slot 7 are parsed but not stored (counted only)
Known issues:
- buxc2 segfaults on ast.bux (Decl struct has 30+ fields, sizeof mismatch
between Bux parser's Decl and C compiler's Decl)
- Full bootstrap requires Decl struct in ast.bux to match actual Decl layout
All 18 examples pass, all unit tests pass.
Lexer (src_bux/lexer.bux):
- Rewrote lexSkipWhitespace to use nested if/else instead of else-if
chain (workaround for Nim C backend else-if lowering bug)
- lexPeek: mask with & 255 for UTF-8 signed char bytes
Known: buxc2 project build hangs on ast.bux parsing (infinite loop).
buxc2 single-file build works correctly with else-if.
All 18 examples pass, all unit tests pass.
Parser (src_bux/parser.bux):
- Block stores statements as linked list (firstStmt/lastStmt/nextStmt)
- Block struct: added firstStmt, lastStmt fields
- Stmt struct: added nextStmt field
HIR Lowering (src_bux/hir_lower.bux):
- Lcx_LowerBlock: iterates statement linked list, chains HirNodes via child3
- hIf: else block stored in extraData (child3 reserved for block chaining)
C Backend (src_bux/c_backend.bux):
- hBlock: emits statements via child3 linked list with proper indentation
- hStore: combines alloca + value into single declaration (int x = value;)
- hIf: full if/else emission with proper newlines
- Function decl: proper return types and parameter types (not just "int")
- int main() wrapper: generated when Main function exists
- No duplicate return 0 when body already has return
Tested:
- buxc2 compiles hello world program → runs correctly
- buxc2 compiles multi-statement program (let, if, function calls) → runs correctly
- All 18 examples still pass, all unit tests pass
Runtime:
- bux_argc()/bux_argv() — command-line arg access from Bux programs
- g_argc/g_argv globals — set by C main() wrapper
Compiler:
- C backend generates extern g_argc/g_argv + int main(argc,argv) wrapper
- main.bux reads args via bux_argc/bux_argv and passes to Cli_Run
buxc2 verified:
- buxc2 version — reads CLI args correctly
- buxc2 check <file.bux> — lexes, parses, type-checks, generates C
- buxc2 build <file.bux> <output.c> — writes C output
PLAN.md updated with Phase 7.10 status and remaining work.
All 18 examples pass, all unit tests pass.
- Mark generic structs, generic methods, Array<T>, Map, String, Result/Option, ? operator as done
- Update Next Immediate Steps to reflect current priorities
- Fix statuses in Appendix A tables
- Rewrite Std::Array as fully generic struct Array<T> with generic methods
- Use sizeof(T) for allocation/reallocation instead of hardcoded 8
- Fix method call lowering to lookup receiver type specifically instead of
iterating all methodTable entries (prevents Array_Get matching for Box type)
- Add resolveTypeExpr typeSubst check for unknown named types
- Rename Array method parameters from 'arr' to 'self' for auto-registration
- Auto-register func Type_Method<T>(self: *Type<T>) as methods in sema
- Add type param awareness to sema resolveType for generic function bodies
- Add lazy monomorphization for generic struct method calls in HIR lowering
- Track varTypeExprs in LowerCtx for local variable type inference
- Fix ekSelf in both sema and hir_lower to resolve actual parameter type
- Fix lowerFunc to use substituteType for param/return types (handles pointers to generic structs)
- Auto-address value receivers when method expects pointer (e.g., b.Get() where self: *Box<T>)
- Add C forward declarations for all functions to fix ordering issues
- Relax type checks for tkTypeParam in assignments and arguments
- Update generics_struct example with Box_Get, Box_Set, Pair_GetFirst/Second
- Add generic struct instantiation (Box<int>, Pair<T,U>) in HIR lowering
- Fix tkUnknown/tkNamed/tkTypeParam ambiguity in sema.nim (qualify with TypeKind)
- Add generics_struct example
- Update Makefile with new example
Add standard library modules:
- Std::String: strlen, strcmp, concat, copy, starts_with wrappers
- Std::Map: linear-probing hash map with String keys, int values
Add error handling:
- Result and Option algebraic enum examples
- ? try operator for automatic error propagation in HIR lowering
Compiler bugfixes:
- Fix sizeof() for user-defined structs (new hSizeOf HIR node)
- Fix HIR type lowering for char8, bool8, int8, uint8, etc.
- Fix let statement lowering for pointer types (*char8 → int* bug)
- Fix PrintInt ABI mismatch (int64_t → int in io.c)
- Fix Makefile test bug (_test_tmp_pkg already exists)
Documentation:
- Rewrite README.md with features, examples, project structure
- Add docs/LanguageRef.md — complete language reference
- Add docs/Stdlib.md — standard library documentation
- Add docs/BuildAndTest.md — build and test guide
New examples: strings, map, result_option, try_operator (13 total)
- Mark Phase 2 (Semantic Analysis) as complete
- Mark Phase 3 (HIR) as complete
- Mark Phase 5A (C Transpiler) as complete
- Mark Phase 6 (Stdlib) as in-progress with Array and Io done
- Update milestones M2, M3, M4 to complete
- Update Appendix A: generics and range expressions are implemented
- Refresh Next Immediate Steps
- Parse range expressions in expressions (0..5, 0..=5)
- Add ekRange AST node, hRange HIR node
- Lower for-range to while loop with alloca counter
- Add hBlock.isScope flag for C scope emission
- Update C backend to emit scope blocks only when isScope is set
- Create stdlib/Std/Io.bux with extern func declarations
- Rename C shim functions to short names (PrintLine, PrintInt, etc.)
- Update all 9 examples to use import Std::Io::{PrintLine, PrintInt};
- Remove manual extern func Std_Io_* declarations from examples
- Parse module paths in stdlib (module Std::Array { ... })
- Collect stdlib declarations and inject into user modules before sema
- Add dkExternFunc support throughout pipeline (parser, sema, hir, c backend)
- Auto-dereference pointer types for field access (arr->field)
- Add hArrowField HIR node for cleaner C emission
- Fix resolveTypeExpr for pointer and cast types
- Fix struct field lowering to use resolveTypeExpr
- Allow int <-> uint implicit conversion for bootstrap convenience
- Add stdlib/Std/Array.bux with dynamic array primitives
- Add stdlib_test demonstrating Array usage via import Std::Array::{Array};
dimgigov