feat: add Std::Crypto — SHA-256, HMAC-SHA256, Base64, random bytes

- C runtime (OpenSSL): bux_sha256, bux_hmac_sha256, bux_random_bytes,
  bux_base64_encode, bux_base64_decode, bux_bytes_to_hex
- library/std/Crypto.bux: Crypto_Sha256, Crypto_HmacSha256,
  Crypto_HmacSha256Raw, Crypto_RandomBytes, Crypto_Base64Encode,
  Crypto_Base64Decode
- examples/jwt.bux: full JWT creation with HS256 signature
- Link with -lcrypto in C backend

library/runtime/runtime.c

@@ -1248,3 +1248,59 @@ int bux_socket_close(int fd) {
 const char* bux_socket_error(void) {
     return strerror(errno);
 }
+
+
+/* ============================================================================
+ * Cryptography primitives (OpenSSL)
+ * ============================================================================ */
+
+#include <openssl/evp.h>
+#include <openssl/hmac.h>
+#include <openssl/rand.h>
+
+void bux_sha256(const char* data, int len, unsigned char* out) {
+    EVP_MD_CTX* ctx = EVP_MD_CTX_new();
+    EVP_DigestInit_ex(ctx, EVP_sha256(), NULL);
+    EVP_DigestUpdate(ctx, data, (size_t)len);
+    EVP_DigestFinal_ex(ctx, out, NULL);
+    EVP_MD_CTX_free(ctx);
+}
+
+void bux_hmac_sha256(const char* key, int keylen, const char* msg, int msglen, unsigned char* out) {
+    unsigned int outlen = 32;
+    HMAC(EVP_sha256(), key, keylen, (const unsigned char*)msg, (size_t)msglen, out, &outlen);
+}
+
+int bux_random_bytes(unsigned char* buf, int len) {
+    return RAND_bytes(buf, len);
+}
+
+char* bux_base64_encode(const unsigned char* in, int inlen) {
+    int outlen = 4 * ((inlen + 2) / 3);
+    char* out = (char*)bux_alloc(outlen + 1);
+    int elen = EVP_EncodeBlock((unsigned char*)out, in, inlen);
+    out[elen] = '\0';
+    return out;
+}
+
+char* bux_base64_decode(const char* in, int inlen, int* outlen) {
+    int maxlen = 3 * inlen / 4;
+    char* out = (char*)bux_alloc(maxlen + 1);
+    *outlen = EVP_DecodeBlock((unsigned char*)out, (const unsigned char*)in, inlen);
+    if (*outlen < 0) {
+        *outlen = 0;
+        out[0] = '\0';
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+
+char* bux_bytes_to_hex(const unsigned char* data, int len) {
+    char* out = (char*)bux_alloc((size_t)len * 2 + 1);
+    const char* hex = "0123456789abcdef";
+    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        out[i * 2] = hex[(data[i] >> 4) & 0x0F];
+        out[i * 2 + 1] = hex[data[i] & 0x0F];
+    }
+    out[len * 2] = '\0';
+    return out;
+}

library/std/Crypto.bux

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+module Std::Crypto {
+extern func bux_sha256(data: String, len: int, out: *void);
+extern func bux_hmac_sha256(key: String, keylen: int, msg: String, msglen: int, out: *void);
+extern func bux_random_bytes(buf: *void, len: int) -> int;
+extern func bux_base64_encode(data: String, len: int) -> String;
+extern func bux_base64_decode(data: String, len: int, outlen: *int) -> String;
+extern func bux_bytes_to_hex(data: *void, len: int) -> String;
+
+/* SHA-256: returns lowercase hex string of the hash */
+func Crypto_Sha256(data: String) -> String {
+    let len: int = String_Len(data) as int;
+    let hashBuf: *void = Alloc(32);
+    bux_sha256(data, len, hashBuf);
+    let result: String = bux_bytes_to_hex(hashBuf as *void, 32);
+    Free(hashBuf);
+    return result;
+}
+
+/* HMAC-SHA256: returns lowercase hex string */
+func Crypto_HmacSha256(key: String, message: String) -> String {
+    let keylen: int = String_Len(key) as int;
+    let msglen: int = String_Len(message) as int;
+    let hmacBuf: *void = Alloc(32);
+    bux_hmac_sha256(key, keylen, message, msglen, hmacBuf);
+    let result: String = bux_bytes_to_hex(hmacBuf as *void, 32);
+    Free(hmacBuf);
+    return result;
+}
+
+/* Random bytes: returns a string of n random bytes */
+func Crypto_RandomBytes(n: int) -> String {
+    if n <= 0 { return ""; }
+    let buf: *void = Alloc(n as uint);
+    if bux_random_bytes(buf, n) != 1 {
+        Free(buf);
+        return "";
+    }
+    let result: String = bux_base64_encode(buf as String, n);
+    Free(buf);
+    return result;
+}
+
+/* Base64 encode */
+func Crypto_Base64Encode(s: String) -> String {
+    return bux_base64_encode(s, String_Len(s) as int);
+}
+
+/* HMAC-SHA256 raw: returns base64 of raw binary hmac */
+func Crypto_HmacSha256Raw(key: String, message: String) -> String {
+    let keylen: int = String_Len(key) as int;
+    let msglen: int = String_Len(message) as int;
+    let hmacBuf: *void = Alloc(32);
+    bux_hmac_sha256(key, keylen, message, msglen, hmacBuf);
+    let result: String = bux_base64_encode(hmacBuf as String, 32);
+    Free(hmacBuf);
+    return result;
+}
+
+/* Base64 decode */
+func Crypto_Base64Decode(s: String) -> String {
+    let outlen: int = 0;
+    return bux_base64_decode(s, String_Len(s) as int, &outlen);
+}
+}