From 81281cbb1159947514ebdbe8036a5406f4a5c222 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: dimgigov <gigov@gigov.org>
Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2026 17:25:28 +0300
Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?feat(selfhost):=20@[Checked]=20borrow=20checker?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20=E2=80=94=20basic=20write-through-ptr=20detection?=
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- Add isChecked field to Decl struct (ast.bux)
- Parse @[Checked] attribute in parserParseDecl (parser.bux)
- Add checkedFunc flag and movedVars to Sema struct (sema.bux)
- Enable borrow checking per-function in Sema_Analyze
- Reject assignment through raw pointer (*T) in @[Checked] functions
- Skip newlines between @[Checked] attribute and the declaration keyword
  to avoid parser seeing the attribute and function as separate decls
---
 src/ast.bux    |  1 +
 src/parser.bux | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 src/sema.bux   | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 3 files changed, 56 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/ast.bux b/src/ast.bux
index df3d593..4caaa6a 100644
--- a/src/ast.bux
+++ b/src/ast.bux
@@ -250,6 +250,7 @@ struct Decl {
     column: uint32,
     isPublic: bool,
     isAsync: bool,
+    isChecked: int,          // @[Checked] attribute (0/1)
     // Names
     strValue: String,        // decl name
     strValue2: String,       // interface name, dll name, module path
diff --git a/src/parser.bux b/src/parser.bux
index c283688..a054fc1 100644
--- a/src/parser.bux
+++ b/src/parser.bux
@@ -1361,14 +1361,42 @@ func parserParseDecl(p: *Parser) -> *Decl {
         discard parserAdvance(p);
     }
     let isPublic: bool = parserMatch(p, tkPub);
+
+    // Parse @[Checked] attribute
+    var isChecked: int = 0;
+    if parserCheck(p, tkAt) {
+        discard parserAdvance(p); // @
+        if parserCheck(p, tkLBracket) {
+            discard parserAdvance(p); // [
+            if parserCheck(p, tkIdent) {
+                let attrName: LexToken = parserCurToken(p);
+                if String_Eq(attrName.text, "Checked") {
+                    isChecked = 1;
+                }
+                discard parserAdvance(p); // attribute name
+            }
+            if parserCheck(p, tkRBracket) {
+                discard parserAdvance(p); // ]
+            }
+        }
+        // Skip newlines after attribute before the declaration
+        while parserCheck(p, tkNewLine) || parserCheck(p, tkSemicolon) {
+            discard parserAdvance(p);
+        }
+    }
+
     let kind: int = parserPeek(p, 0);
 
     if kind == tkAsync && parserPeek(p, 1) == tkFunc {
         discard parserAdvance(p); // async
-        return parserParseFuncDecl(p, isPublic, false, true);
+        let d: *Decl = parserParseFuncDecl(p, isPublic, false, true);
+        d.isChecked = isChecked;
+        return d;
     }
     if kind == tkFunc {
-        return parserParseFuncDecl(p, isPublic, false, false);
+        let d: *Decl = parserParseFuncDecl(p, isPublic, false, false);
+        d.isChecked = isChecked;
+        return d;
     }
     if kind == tkStruct { return parserParseStructDecl(p, isPublic); }
     if kind == tkEnum { return parserParseEnumDecl(p, isPublic); }
diff --git a/src/sema.bux b/src/sema.bux
index b213b3d..0c59df4 100644
--- a/src/sema.bux
+++ b/src/sema.bux
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ struct Sema {
     diags: *SemaDiag;
     hasError: bool;
     currentRetType: int;    // return type of the function being checked
+    checkedFunc: bool;      // true inside @[Checked] function
+    movedCount: int;        // number of moved variables
+    movedNames: *String;    // array of moved variable names
 }
 
 struct SemaDiag {
@@ -325,6 +328,14 @@ func Sema_CheckExpr(sema: *Sema, expr: *Expr) -> int {
         let right: int = Sema_CheckExpr(sema, expr.child2);
         let op: int = expr.intValue;
 
+        // Borrow check: reject assignment through deref in @[Checked] functions
+        if sema.checkedFunc && op == tkAssign {
+            if expr.child1 != null as *Expr && expr.child1.kind == ekUnary && expr.child1.intValue == tkStar {
+                Sema_EmitError(sema, expr.line, expr.column,
+                    "cannot assign through raw pointer in checked function — use '&mut T' instead");
+            }
+        }
+
         // Assignment operators return target type
         if op == tkAssign || (op >= tkPlusAssign && op <= tkShrAssign) {
             return left;
@@ -360,7 +371,11 @@ func Sema_CheckExpr(sema: *Sema, expr: *Expr) -> int {
     if kind == ekAssign {
         let target: int = Sema_CheckExpr(sema, expr.child1);
         let value: int = Sema_CheckExpr(sema, expr.child2);
-        // Basic type compatibility (permissive for now)
+        // Borrow check: reject assignment through deref in @[Checked] functions
+        if sema.checkedFunc && expr.child1 != null as *Expr && expr.child1.kind == ekUnary && expr.child1.intValue == tkStar {
+            Sema_EmitError(sema, expr.line, expr.column,
+                "cannot assign through raw pointer in checked function — use '&mut T' instead");
+        }
         return target;
     }
 
@@ -895,9 +910,16 @@ func Sema_Analyze(mod: *Module) -> *Sema {
             if decl.retType != null as *TypeExpr {
                 s.currentRetType = Sema_ResolveType(s, decl.retType);
             } else {
-                s.currentRetType = tyVoid;
+    s.currentRetType = tyVoid;
+    s.checkedFunc = false;
+    s.movedCount = 0;
+    s.movedNames = bux_alloc(64 as uint * 256) as *String; // up to 64 moved var names
             }
 
+            // Enable borrow checking for @[Checked] functions
+            let wasChecked: bool = s.checkedFunc;
+            s.checkedFunc = decl.isChecked != 0;
+
             // Check body statements
             var stmt: *Stmt = decl.refBody.firstStmt;
             while stmt != null as *Stmt {
@@ -905,6 +927,7 @@ func Sema_Analyze(mod: *Module) -> *Sema {
                 stmt = stmt.nextStmt;
             }
 
+            s.checkedFunc = wasChecked;
             s.scope = prevScope;
         }
         decl = decl.childDecl2;